Ohm's law

The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit is described by the fundamental law known as Ohm's Law in electrical engineering and physics. It bears the name Georg Simon Ohm after the German physicist who developed it in the 19th century.

Ohm's Law can be formulated mathematically as:

V = I * R

Where:

• Volts (V) are used to denote the voltage across a component.
• I is a unit of measurement for the component's current in amperes (A).
• R stands for the component's resistance in ohms ().

The voltage across a resistor (or any other component with a constant resistance), in other words, is directly proportional to the current passing through it, according to Ohm's Law. As long as the temperature and other environmental variables stay constant, this relationship is still true.

A key idea in comprehending and studying electrical circuits is Ohm's Law. It serves as the basis for many facets of electronics and electrical engineering and is used to calculate unknown values, such as current or resistance, given the other two variables.

Let's examine Ohm's Law's elements and ramifications in more detail:

1. Voltage: The electrical potential difference between two locations in a circuit is known as voltage (V). It's frequently called "electric pressure." Voltage, which is measured in volts (V), is often provided by a power source like a battery or a generator.

2. Current: Electric charge flowing through a conductor, such as a wire, is known as current (I). It expresses how many electrons pass a specific point in the circuit in one unit of time and is expressed in amperes (A). Electrical circuits run on current, which also powers electronic equipment.

3. Resistance (R): Resistance is a unit of measurement for how much a component resists current flow. It is brought on by things like the material's characteristics, its size, and the temperature. Ohms () are used to measure resistance. High resistance substances are insulators, whereas low resistance substances are conductors.

4. Variations of Ohm's Law:

• Ohm's Law can be modified to get the following two helpful equations:
• When voltage and resistance are known, you may compute current using the equation I = V / R.
• When voltage and current are known, you may calculate resistance using the equation R = V / I.
• These changes aid in circuit analysis and parameter calculation.

5. Ohmic and Non-Ohmic Components:

• Ohmic parts precisely adhere to Ohm's Law, keeping their resistance constant no matter how much voltage or current is supplied. The majority of resistors are examples.
• Ohm's Law does not apply to non-Ohmic components (such as diodes or transistors) since they experience resistance variations with voltage or current.

6. Series and Parallel Circuits:

• The same current passes through every component in a series circuit since they are all connected end to end. Overall resistance increases.
• Components in parallel circuits have varying currents while sharing the same voltage. The sum of the inverses of each individual resistance equals the inverse of the total resistance.

7. Effects of temperature:

• Due to the material's temperature coefficient, resistance might fluctuate with temperature. Resistance generally increases with temperature for conductors and decreases for semiconductors.

8.Applications:

• Ohm's Law is fundamental to circuit design and analysis, assuring secure operation, and performance enhancement.
• It is essential for power distribution, telecommunications, electronics, and other systems.

9. Limitations:

• Ohm's Law typically applies to linear components that are functioning within predetermined boundaries. It might not apply to complicated or highly nonlinear devices.

Overall, Ohm's Law is a foundational principle of electrical engineering that enables professionals and amateurs to comprehend and work with electrical circuits to build a variety of devices, from straightforward lightbulbs to sophisticated computer systems.