Fundamental ideas in Java programming and object-oriented programming (OOP) in general are classes and objects. Here is a summary of Java classes and objects, along with examples of how to use them:
Classes:
A class serves as an example or model for building objects. It outlines the properties, structure, and behavior that objects belonging to that class will have. Classes are used in Java to group together data (attributes) and operations on that data (functions). This is how a class is defined in Java:
public class Car {
// Attributes or fields
String make;
String model;
int year;
// Methods
void start() {
System.out.println("Car is starting...");
}
void accelerate() {
System.out.println("Car is accelerating...");
}
void brake() {
System.out.println("Car is braking...");
}
}
In the previous illustration, the class Car has methods like start(), accelerate(), and brake() as well as characteristics like make, model, and year.
Objects:
A class's instances are objects. It is a tangible thing that was produced using the class blueprint. The same class can be used to produce numerous objects, each of which will have its own set of characteristics and be able to conduct operations using the class's methods. How to construct objects in Java is as follows:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating objects
Car car1 = new Car();
Car car2 = new Car();
// Setting attributes
car1.make = "Toyota";
car1.model = "Camry";
car1.year = 2022;
car2.make = "Honda";
car2.model = "Civic";
car2.year = 2021;
// Using methods
car1.start();
car2.accelerate();
}
}
Car class objects car1 and car2 are shown in the example above. Each of them can use methods and has unique properties.
The cornerstone of object-oriented programming is laid by Java's usage of classes and objects, which lets you model real-world entities, specify their actions, and organize your code into modules.
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