C++ programming

We'll go through some important C++ programming principles, ranging from fundamental ideas to more complex subjects:

    Basic concepts and syntax

• The syntax of the statically typed language C++ is similar to that of C. Both generic programming and object-oriented programming (OOP) are supported.
• The main() method serves as the entry point for programs.
• Among the different data types and variables are int, float, double, char, bool, etc.
• If, else, switch, while, for, and other control flow statements.

Functions:

• Blocks of code called functions carry out particular tasks.
• Parameters and return values can both be used in functions.
• Function definition and declaration.

Objects and Classes:

• Classes and objects in C++ facilitate object-oriented programming.
• Classes specify the building blocks for making objects. They contain information and procedures.
• Classes have instances that are objects.

Inheritance and Polymorphism:

• A class can take on traits and actions from another class through inheritance.
• Objects of several classes can be considered as belonging to a single base class thanks to polymorphism.

Templates and Generics:

• You can create generic classes and methods that operate on several data types using templates.
• The STL (Standard Template Library) offers practical template classes like maps and vectors.

Memory Management:

• Both automatic and manual memory management are available in C++.
• automatically managed memory utilizing heap and stack.
• Using new, delete, or smart pointers, manually manage your memory.

References and Pointers

• Pointers store addresses in memory. They can be applied to the allocation and manipulation of dynamic memory.
• References act as an alias for a variable that already exists. To prevent copying, they are frequently utilized in function parameters.

Processing Exceptions:

• Exception handling is supported in C++ for handling runtime issues.
• To capture and manage exceptions, use try-catch blocks.

I/O File:

• Using streams, C++ supports reading from and writing to files.
• For file input and output, use ifstream and ofstream.

(STL) Standard Library:

• For effective completion of various activities, STL offers a number of classes and functions.
• algorithms, iterators, and containers (such as vector, list, and maps).

Parallelism and multithreading:

• Multithreading for concurrent execution is supported in C++.
• Atomic operations, common threads, mutexes, and condition variables.

Best practises:

• For efficiency, use the right data structures and algorithms.
• Observe naming conventions, and keep your code clean.
• When possible, avoid utilizing global variables.
• When managing resources, use RAII (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization).
• If possible, favor the most recent C++ features (C++11, C++14, C++17, etc.).