Parts of motherboard
The central printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer is called the motherboard, also referred to as the mainboard or logic board. It offers a framework for tying together all the crucial parts of a computer system and permits communication between them. The following are the principal elements/components you'll normally discover on a motherboard:
CPU Socket: The central processing unit (CPU) socket is a connector that secures the CPU in place and makes it possible for the CPU to communicate with other components of the system.
RAM Slots: The random access memory (RAM) modules are inserted into these slots. The task of temporarily storing data that the CPU needs to access quickly falls to RAM.
Expansion Slots: To increase the capability of the computer, you can insert other components such as graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, etc. in these slots.
Storage Connectors: Motherboards come with connectors for a variety of storage devices, including M.2 slots for faster NVMe SSDs, SATA ports for connecting HDDs and SSDs, and occasionally older IDE connectors. Power Connectors: The motherboard needs power to operate, and typically has two power connectors: an additional 4/8-pin CPU power connector and a primary power connector (24-pin ATX).
CMOS Battery: The system's BIOS/UEFI settings are stored in the CMOS memory, which is powered by the CMOS battery and keeps them even when the computer is turned off.
BIOS/UEFI Chip: Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) Chip: This chip houses the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) or UEFI, which provides the fundamental instructions to start the computer and manage devices throughout the boot process.
I/O Connectors: These are ports located on the motherboard's back side. They include HDMI, DisplayPort, VGA, and other video output connections as well as USB ports, audio jacks, and Ethernet (RJ-45) ports.
Chipset: The chipset, which consists of a collection of integrated circuits, controls how data is transferred between the CPU, memory, and peripherals. It has two primary components: the Southbridge, which controls I/O operations including USB, SATA, and audio, and the Northbridge, which facilitates communication between the CPU, RAM, and PCIe devices.
VRM (Voltage Regulator Module): The VRM provides the appropriate voltage levels required by the CPU and other components. It ensures stable power delivery to the processor.
Clock Generator: The clock generator generates the system clock signals used to synchronize various components' operations.
Headers and Connectors: The motherboard has a variety of pin headers and connections, such as USB headers, fan headers, front panel connectors for power buttons and LEDs, etc.
Heat Sinks and Heat Pipes: Motherboards frequently contain heat sinks and heat pipes to aid in cooling and dissipate heat produced by the CPU and other components.
These make up a motherboard's core components. Depending on the exact model and purpose, different motherboards could have extra functions or modifications.
Here are some additional parts and capabilities that you might discover on a motherboard: Graphics Card Slot: Many motherboards offer one or more PCIe slots for attaching dedicated graphics cards to improve graphical performance in gaming and graphics-intensive jobs in addition to the onboard graphics (integrated graphics) provided by the CPU.
Network Interface: While some motherboards have built-in Ethernet connectors for conventional networking, others might additionally have Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capability.
Audio: Integrated audio components, which can output and input audio, are frequently seen on motherboards. Premium audio components may be included in high-end motherboards to improve sound quality. Debug LEDs and Diagnostic Features: Some motherboards provide LEDs or error codes that help identify hardware problems while the system is booting or operating.
Onboard Buttons: For convenience when the motherboard is mounted within a case, high-end motherboards may have power, reset, and clear CMOS buttons located directly on the board.
Thunderbolt / USB-C: Modern motherboards may have Thunderbolt connections or USB Type-C connectors for high-speed data transfer and connectivity to external devices.
PCIe M.2 Slots: Some motherboards may contain PCIe M.2 slots that are intended to support additional PCIe-based expansion cards, such as Wi-Fi adapters, in addition to utilising M.2 slots for NVMe SSDs.
RGB Lighting and Headers: Many contemporary motherboards have RGB lighting or RGB headers, which let users install RGB components and alter the lighting effects.
Overclocking Features: Enthusiast-focused motherboards frequently come with additional BIOS/UEFI options and cutting-edge power delivery systems to assist overclocking the CPU and RAM for improved performance.
Dual BIOS/UEFI: Some motherboards provide a backup BIOS in the event of a botched upgrade or corrupted UEFI setup.
Reinforced PCIe Slots and Memory Slots: High-end motherboards may have reinforced PCIe and memory slots to guard against damage when installing large graphics cards or putting a lot of strain on memory modules.
Water Pump and Fan Headers: Some motherboards come with dedicated headers for controlling water pumps and multiple fan connectors for liquid cooling installations.
POST Code Display: Advanced motherboards might contain a little display that shows POST (Power-On Self-Test) codes during boot, assisting with hardware troubleshooting.
Debug and Overclocking Features: Some motherboards have certain physical switches or features that help with debugging, overclocking, or turning on/off specific functionalities.
It's critical to keep in mind that depending on the model, manufacturer, and intended purpose, motherboard features can differ greatly. For a complete understanding of a motherboard's capabilities, always verify its precise specifications.
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